Sociological and Epidemiological Components

To compare prevalence/incidence of parasitemia among households with and without bednet use and with/without Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and to assess socioeconomic and human behavioural determinants of residual malaria, interviews were conducted and malaria morbidity data was collected.

• Household surveys (Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) surveys and epidemiological surveys) were conducted with tablets using a structured questionnaire programmed in CSPro Software. These interviews collected information on participants enrolled, such as age, sex, relationship to the head of the household, and ownership and use of mosquito bed-nets.

• Reported malaria cases were recorded, and malaria prevalence for the communities along the Mazán and Napo rivers was estimated using data from 2015 and 2016.

• The malaria morbidity dataset comprised 4 926 slide-confirmed malaria episodes that were diagnosed in 2 623 residents of Mâncio Lima, who were distributed in 1 432 households. The distribution of malaria episodes per study subject was clearly overdispersed, ranging between 0 and 12.

• Of the malaria episodes in Brazil, 4 219 (85.6%) were due to P. vivax, 644 (13.1%) were due to P. falciparum and 65 episodes (1.3%) to both species.

• Bed-net coverage in the four Peruvian villages in 2016 ranged from 40% in Visto Bueno to 55% in Salvador; these statistics included both impregnated and non-impregnated nets.